Know All About Linux Malware !!!

Linux malware includes viruses, trojans, worms and other types of malware that affect the Linux operating system. Linux, Unix and other Unix-like computer operating systems are generally regarded as very well-protected against, but not immune to, computer viruses.

There has not yet been a widespread Linux malware infection of the type that Microsoft Windows software has; this is attributable generally to the malware's lack of root access and fast updates to most Linux vulnerabilities.

Linux vulnerability.

Like Unix systems, Linux implements a multi-user environment where users are granted specific privileges and there is some form of access control implemented. To gain control over a Linux system or to cause any serious consequences to the system itself, the malware would have to gain root access to the system.

In the past, it has been suggested that Linux had so little malware because its low market share made it a less profitable target. Rick Moen, an experienced Linux system administrator, counters that:

[That argument] ignores Unix's dominance in a number of non-desktop specialties, including Web servers and scientific workstations. A virus/trojan/worm author who successfully targeted specifically Apache httpd Linux/x86 Web servers would both have an extremely target-rich environment and instantly earn lasting fame, and yet it doesn't happen."

The amount of malware targeting Linux has seen an increase in recent years, however. Shane Coursen, a senior technical consultant with Kaspersky Lab, claims, "The growth in Linux malware is simply due to its increasing popularity, particularly as a desktop operating system ... The use of an operating system is directly correlated to the interest by the malware writers to develop malware for that OS."

Tom Ferris, a researcher with Security Protocols, commented on one of Kaspersky's reports, stating, "In people's minds, if it's non-Windows, it's secure, and that's not the case. They think nobody writes malware for Linux or Mac OS X. But that's not necessarily true,"

Some Linux users do run Linux-based anti-virus software to scan insecure documents and email which comes from or is going to Windows users. SecurityFocus's Scott Granneman stated:

...some Linux machines definitely need anti-virus software. Samba or NFS servers, for instance, may store documents in undocumented, vulnerable Microsoft formats, such as Word and Excel, that contain and propagate viruses. Linux mail servers should run AV software in order to neutralize viruses before they show up in the mailboxes of Outlook and Outlook Express users.

Because they are predominantly used on mail servers which may send mail to computers running other operating systems, Linux virus scanners generally use definitions for, and scan for, all known viruses for all computer platforms. For example the open source ClamAV "Detects ... viruses, worms and trojans, including Microsoft Office macro viruses, mobile malware, and other threats."

• Viruses and trojan horses

The viruses listed below pose a potential, although minimal, threat to Linux systems. If an infected binary containing one of the viruses were run, the system would be infected. The infection level would depend on which user with what privileges ran the binary. A binary run under the root account would be able to infect the entire system. Privilege escalation vulnerabilities may permit malware running under a limited account to infect the entire system.

It is worth noting that this is true for any malicious program that is run without special steps taken to limit its privileges. It is trivial to add a code snippet to any program that a user may download and let this additional code download a modified login server, an open mail relay, or similar program, and make this additional component run any time the user logs in. No special malware writing skills are needed for this. Special skill may be needed for tricking the user to run the (trojan) program in the first place.

The use of software repositories significantly reduces any threat of installation of malware, as the software repositories are checked by maintainers, who try to ensure that their repository is malware-free. Subsequently, to ensure safe distribution of the software, checksums are made available. These make it possible to reveal modified versions that may have been introduced by e.g. hijacking of communications using a man-in-the-middle attack or via a redirection attack such as ARP or DNS poisoning. Careful use of these digital signatures provides an additional line of defense, which limits the scope of attacks to include only the original authors, package and release maintainers and possibly others with suitable administrative access, depending on how the keys and checksums are handled.

• Worms and targeted attacks.

The classical threat to Unix-like systems is vulnerabilities in network daemons, such as SSH and web servers. These can be used by worms or for attacks against specific targets. As servers are patched quite quickly when a vulnerability is found, there have been only a few widespread worms of this kind. As specific targets can be attacked through a vulnerability that is not publicly known there is no guarantee that a certain installation is secure. Also servers without such vulnerabilities can be successfully attacked through weak passwords.

• Spyware.

This malware gathers a user's private data (financial info, passwords, usernames, etc.) and sends it to the spyware maker or other entity that will use the information. Spyware can be trojans and some trojans can be spyware.

• Adware.

Software that displays ads is considered adware. Not all adware is bad. For instance, Flashget is a freeware Windows application that is adware. The program is safe to use. The ads just fund the development of Flashget. Because most Linux developers make applications open-source, not very many Linux adware programs can be found.

• Riskware.

Software with unintended malicious potential. These applications can be used by malware to cause a lot of damage. Because this software is not malware, but can be dangerous is called riskware.

• Scareware.

Malware that scares users into downloading malicious software or paying money for the fix is scareware. For illustration, scareware may pop up a message that says something like "Your data will be deleted unless you pay $100.". Scareware may also come in the form of a free virus scan over the Internet. This virus scan does not scan the system, but pretends to do so. The scanner will say it found a virus. The scanner then asks the user to pay money to have the virus removed. In summary, scareware scares computer users into paying money or installing malware to protect themselves against a nonexistent threat.

• Ransomware.

Ransomware is similar to scareware. Ransomware locks the computer and files and will not lift the restrictions until the user pays a ransom. Ransomware really locks the system while scareware bluffs.

• Web scripts.

Linux servers may also be used by malware without any attack against the system itself, where e.g. web content and scripts are insufficiently restricted or checked and used by malware to attack visitors. Typically a CGI script (meant for leaving comments) by mistake allows inclusion of code exploiting vulnerabilities in the web browser.

• Buffer overruns

Older Linux distributions were relatively sensitive to buffer overrun attacks: if the program did not care about the size of the buffer itself, the kernel provided only limited protection, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code under the rights of the vulnerable application under attack. Programs that gain root access even when launched by a non-root user (via the setuid bit) were particularly attractive to attack. However as of 2009 most of the kernels include address space layout randomization (ASLR), enhanced memory protection and other extensions making such attacks much more difficult to arrange.

• Cross-platform viruses.

An area of concern identified in 2007 is that of cross-platform viruses, driven by the popularity of cross-platform applications. This was brought to the forefront of malware awareness by the distribution of an OpenOffice.org virus called Badbunny.

Stuart Smith of Symantec wrote the following:

"What makes this virus worth mentioning is that it illustrates how easily scripting platforms, extensibility, plug-ins, ActiveX, etc, can be abused. All too often, this is forgotten in the pursuit to match features with another vendor... The ability for malware to survive in a cross-platform, cross-application environment has particular relevance as more and more malware is pushed out via Web sites. How long until someone uses something like this to drop a JavaScript infecter on a Web server, regardless of platform?"

• Social engineering.

As is the case with any operating system, Linux is vulnerable to malware that tricks the user into installing it through social engineering. In December 2009 a malicious waterfall screensaver was discovered that contained a script that used the infected Linux PC in denial-of-service attacks.

Protecting and Repairing:

The best way to protect a system against viruses is to only download and install software from trusted sites and developers. For example, get programs from your distro's official repository before using a program obtained from some third party site.

There are two ways to remove malware. The first method includes using a virus scanner to find and remove the malware. The second way is to delete the executables manually that are known to be the culprits.

To repair damaged executables, reinstall the infected or damaged software. For example, if a virus infected a Firefox executable, then re-download and install Firefox.

Also, when protecting yourself against malware, it is important to know that malware can only be in an executable or be the executable itself. For instance, a PNG, MP3, and FLV files cannot be viruses. An application simply opens the files for the user to see or listen. In addition, remember that most screensavers are executables, so malware may hide in screensavers.


Even though Linux has very few viruses, all computers and servers should have some form of protection against malware. Knowing how malware works and how to protect computers will aid in protecting many systems.

Author : Yohanes Gitoyo.
Reference :

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_malware
2. http://www.linux.org/threads/malware-and-antivirus-systems-for-linux.4455/
3. http://www.bitdefender.com/
4. http://www.comodo.com/
5. http://forum.avast.com/
6. http://www.clamav.net/

Know Indonesian Elite Army : Komando Pasukan Katak (KOPASKA).

"Kopaska tidak takut salah, tidak takut kalah, tidak takut jatuh, tidak takut mati. Takut mati, mati saja".
"KOPASKA not be afraid of, do not be afraid to lose, not afraid to fall, not afraid to die. Scared to death, die alone"

Komando Pasukan Katak disingkat KOPASKA adalah pasukan khusus dari TNI Angkatan Laut. Semboyan dari korps ini adalah "Tan Hana Wighna Tan Sirna" yang berarti "tak ada rintangan yang tak dapat diatasi". Jika tidak sedang ditugaskan dalam suatu operasi, tim tim Detasemen Paska dapat ditugaskan menjadi pengawal pribadi VIP seperti Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Indonesia.

"Komando Pasukan Katak" is abbreviated KOPASKA special forces of the Indonesian Navy (TNI Angkatan Laut). This is the motto of the corps' Tan Tan Sirna Wighna Hana "which means" no insurmountable obstacles ". When not assigned to an operation, after the team Detachment team can be assigned a personal bodyguard VIP like President and Vice President of Indonesia.

Bapak dari Kopaska adalah Kapten Pelaut Iskak dari sekolah pasukan katak angkatan laut di pangkalan angkatan laut Surabaya. Tugas utama dari pasukan ini adalah peledakan/demolisi bawah air termasuk sabotase/penyerangan rahasia kekapal lawan dan sabotase pangkalan musuh, torpedo berjiwa (kamikaze), penghancuran instalasi bawah air, pengintaian, mempersiapkan pantai pendaratan untuk operasi amfibi yang lebih besar serta antiteror di laut/ maritime counter terorism .

Father of KOPASKA is captain of the school team the Mariners Iskak frog navy at the naval base in Surabaya. The main task of this team is blasting / demolisi under water including sabotage / attack and sabotage opponents kekapal secret enemy base, torpedo-spirited (kamikaze), destruction of underwater installations, reconnaissance, prepare for landing beaches for amphibious operations and antiteror larger sea / maritime counter terorism.

Kopaska memang lahir dari gagasan Kapt Dch Iskak, barangkali gagasan ini di ilhami dari episode-episode para ksatria laut PD-II baik dari sekutu maupun lawannya. Mungkin saja dari keberhasilan Pasukan Katak Italia dengan torpedo Chariot berhasil menenggelamkan kapal sekutu, disusul kemudian pembentukan pasukan serupa oleh Inggris, Jepang maupun Jerman sendiri. Namun demikian bagaimana cara membentuk pasukan inilah yang menjadi masalah bagi Kapt Dch Iskak, bila perkiraan di atas benar kemungkinan besar bahwa orientasi tugas frogman cetakan Kapt Dch Iskak ini adalah pada sabotase-sabotase objek di laut maupun pendukungnya, yang saat ini merupakan bagian dari kegiatan peperangan khusus.

KOPASKA was born from the idea of Captain DCH Iskak, perhaps this idea from an episode-episode ilhami the sea knight PD-II better than ally or opponent. Perhaps only in the success of Team Frog Italian with Chariot successful torpedo sink allies ships, followed later by a similar team formation England, Japan or Germany itself. However, how to make this team a problem for Captain DCH Iskak, when the true arrangement is most likely that the orientation of the print job frogman Capt Iskak DCH is in sabotage, sabotage objects in the sea as well as its supporters, which is now a part of the activities specific battle.

Pengiriman 2 kali ke UDT RTC memberikan bentuk yang lebih baik bagi Kopaska walaupun orientasi tugasnya sedikit berbeda, yaitu peran dalam operasi amfibi. Sesuai referensi yang ada disebutkan bahwa UDT adalah sebagai pengumpul data hidrografi, pembersihan pantai pendaratan dan pandu gelombang. Dalam persiapan pembentukan Kopaska Letkol OP Koesno membawa oleh-oleh dari Eropa berupa orientasi Kopaska yang diarahkan kepada perannya dalam peperangan laut khusus.

Remittance 2 times to UDT RTC provides a better form of KOPASKA although slightly different orientation of its work, namely the role of amphibious operations. Suitable references there mentioned that the UDT is a hydrographic data collector, cleaning landing beaches and the waveguide. In preparation KOPASKA formation led by Lt Col OP Koesno-orientation by the European KOPASKA be directed to a specific role in a sea battle.

Hingga saat ini masih terus rutin dilaksanakan Latma dengan US NAVY dengan sandi “Flash Iron” dua kali dalam setahun, Kopaska mendapatkan bekal tambahan berupa ketrampilan dan kemampuan dalam melaksanakan operasi-operasi dilaut, anti terror dan penugasan lainnya. Beberapa anggota Kopaska juga mengenakan brevet Navy Seal.

Until now still being routinely implemented Latma the U.S. NAVY with password "Flash Iron" two times a year, KOPASKA get additional provision in the form of skills and capabilities in conducting operations at sea, anti-terror and other assignments. Some members also wear a license KOPASKA Navy Seal.

Dari seluruh pengaruh tersebut kemudian Pimpinan TNI AL merumuskan “Tugas Pokok” Kopaska seperti saat ini. Namun dapatkah dikatakan bahwa Kopaska indentik dengan Navy Seal?. Dapat dijawab “tidak” karena beberapa sebab:

• pertama karena menurut sejarah Kopaska tidak dirancang bertugas seperti Seal, 
• kedua kebijakan politik Indonesia berbeda dengan AS, seluruh kepentingan AS baik didalam maupun di luar negeri sangan potensial sebagai sasaran teroris, sedangkan Indonesia secara legal tidak mengenal terorisme, dengan demikian Seal bukan saja mampu dalam penanganan anti terror namun di tugaskan dalam bidang ini, 
• ketiga pengamanan operasi TNI secara terbatas di bandingkan dengan militer AS, hingga wajar bila SEAL berpengalaman melaksanakan operasi darat seperti di delta sungai Mekong, Vietnam maupun di Incheon, Korsel. 

The influence of the entire leadership of the Navy later formulated the "Basic Tasks" KOPASKA like today. But can it be said that  KOPASKA identical to the Navy Seals? . Can  be answered "no" for several reasons:

• KOPASKA first because historically served as the seals are not designed, 
• The second Indonesian policy different from the U.S., the entire U.S. interests both within and outside the country as a potential terrorist target couples, while not legally recognize Indonesian terrorism, thereby Seal not only capable in handling anti-terror yet assigned in this field, 
• The third security military operations are limited in comparison with the U.S. military, to carry out fair when SEALs seasoned ground operations such as in the Mekong river delta, Vietnam and in Incheon, South Korea. 

Seal sendiri bagi Kopaska hanya sebatas inspirasi, bila dianggap sebagai sumber inspirasi maka jawabannya “Benar”. Kembali dari sejarah membuktikan secara langsung Kopaska dalam pendidikan UDT RTC maupun MTT UDT/SEAL, sedangkan Pasukan Katak negara-negara lain secara sederhana lebih enak dikatakan sebagai silahturahmi.

Seal yourself for KOPASKA merely inspiration, when considered as a source of inspiration then the answer is "Yes". Back from history proves directly KOPASKA in education and MTT RTC UDT UDT / SEAL, while the forces of other countries Frogs simply better said as friendship.

Kopaska seperti yang kita lihat di pengaruhi juga oleh UDT/SEAL USN (Mobile Training Team, UDT/Sea Air and Land US Navy) pada tahun 1979, di tindak lanjuti kemudian dengan latma (latihan bersama) UDT/SEAL maupun EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal). Namun karena Kopaska merupakan bagian dari system senjata TNI AL maka Kopaska juga sering terlibat dalam latma TNI AL dan angkatan laut negara lain, antara lain dengan Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, Filipina, Australia dan lain-lain.

KOPASKA as we see is influenced also by the UDT / SEAL USN (Mobile Training Team, UDT / Sea Air and Land U.S. Navy) in 1979, followed up later by Latma (joint exercise) UDT / SEAL and EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal). But because KOPASKA is part of the Navy weapon systems are also often involved in KOPASKA Latma Navy and the navies of other countries, among others, with Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia and others.

Sedangkan di dalam negeri, pasukan ini kerap berlatih bersama dengan Kopassus TNI AD, Kopaskhas TNI AU, dan Densus 88 dalam rangka penanggulangan teror.

While in the country, these forces often trained with the Army Special Forces, Air Force Kopaskhas, and Detachment 88 in order to prevention of terror.


Tugas "Manusia Katak". Duty of "Frog Man"

• Tugas dalam Operasi Amphibi

1. Beach Recconaisance
2. Post Reconnaisance
3. Beach Clearing
4. SUROB (Surf Observation)

• Operasi Khusus

1. Sabotase / Anti Sabotase (Teror)
2. Clandestein
3. Combat SAR
4. Mine Clearance Ops
5. Send and Pick up agent

• Operasi Tambahan

1. PAM VIP VVIP & Vital Obj
2. Underwater Survey
3. SAR
4. Underwater Salvage
5. Factual Information Gathering

• Tasks in Amphibious Operations

1. Beach Recconaisance
2. Post Reconnaisance
3. Beach Clearing
4. SUROB (Surf Observation)

• Special Operations

1. Sabotase / Anti Sabotase (Teror)
2. Clandestein
3. Combat SAR
4. Mine Clearance Ops
5. Send and Pick up agent

• Additional Operations

1. PAM VIP & VVIP Vital Obj
2. Underwater Survey
3. SAR
4. Underwater Salvage
5. Factual Information Gathering

Sejarah. History

Seorang perwira mempunyai gagasan untuk membentuk satuan frogmen dalam jajaran TNI AL. Kapten (Jas) Dch Iskak yang menjabat sebagai Kepala Dinas Duril, dengan dukungan dari Dinas Ranjau memberanikan diri membentuk pasukan katak (frogman unit). Direkrutlah 12 orang dan yang berhasil lulus hanya 4 orang. Kapten Iskak tidak sendirian dalam membentuk pasukan ini, di belakang beliau ada seorang penyelidik misi militer dari Belanda. Hasil dari pembentukan frogmen unit ini masih jauh dari harapan maka pada tahun 1957 ALRI mengirim seorang perwira Letnan Hidayat ke US NAVY dalam program UDT (Uderwater Demolition Team) Reserve Training Course di Amerika, dan hasilnya memuaskan. Semenjak itu TNI AL mulai membangun pondasi bagi pasukan yang di cita-citakan.

Another officer had the idea to form a unit of frogmen in the range of TNI AL. Captain (Jas) DCH Iskak who served as the Head of Department Duril, with support from the Office of the courage to forge mine frog (frogman unit). Direkrutlah 12 people and managed to pass only 4 people. Captain Iskak not alone in forming the team, behind him there was a military mission of Dutch researchers. As a result of the formation of frogmen unit is still far from expectations then in 1957 Alri send an officer Lieutenant Hidayat to U.S. NAVY UDT program (Uderwater Demolition Team) Training Course Reserve in the U.S., and the result is satisfactory. Since the TNI AL began building the foundation for the team to aspire to.

Letnan Hidayat kemudian meneruskan program frogman tersebut di tanah air dengan merekrut 50 orang dari anggota ALRI sendiri, namun belum dapat di ketahui berapa orang yang dapat lulus dari program hellweek tersebut. Dari pengalaman program frogmen yang kedua ini disadarai bahwa tenaga istruktur masih belum mampu untuk melaksanakan rekruitmen dengan baik, sehingga 2 Perwira dan 1 Bintara di kirim kembali ke AS, namun hanya 1 Perwira dan 1 Bintara saja yang berhasil menyeselesaikan kursus UDT di AS. Tahun 1958 Indonesia ibarat remaja berjerawat yang sedang mencari identitas diri, mengalami berbagai pemberontakan, salah satu jerawatnya adalah pemberontakan PRRI/PERMESTA Penumpasan ini didalamnya melibatkan operasi amfibi di Teluk Bayur, Padang, Sumatera Barat. Kapal-kapal perang RI mengalami kesulitan masuk ke daerah perawan ini, karena banyak rintangan laut yang tidak di ketahui dan informasi daerah operasi yang terbatas. Beruntunglah ada seorang ABK yang berkualifikasi selam scuba, maka selesailah masalah tersebut.

Lieutenant  Hidayat then continue the program at home to recruit 50 people from Alri own members, but has yet to be able to know how many people have graduated from the program hellweek. From the experience of this second program frogmen disadarai that energy istruktur still able to perform with good recruitment, and 1 to 2 Heroes Petty Officer sends back to the U.S., but only 1 Warrior and 1 yielding only Petty menyeselesaikan UDT courses in the U.S.. In 1958 Indonesia is like a pimply teenager looking for self-identity, experience a variety of revolt, one of a pimple is rebellion PRRI / PERMESTA Suppression is in it involving amphibian operations in the Gulf Bayur, Padang, West Sumatra. RI warships are having trouble getting into this virgin area, because many sea resistance is unknown and limited operating area information. Glad tidings that there is a qualified scuba diving ABK, then settled the problem.

Sewaktu Indonesia menyiapkan diri untuk melaksanakan operasi mandala untuk membebaskan Irian Barat dari tangan Belanda. “Bisul telah meletus”, 19 Desember 1961. TRIKORA di kumandangkan oleh Presiden Soekarno, diantisipasi oleh TNI dengan menggelar Operasi Mandala, operasi ini akan melaksanakan operasi amfibi menggunakan 100 kapal perang dan mendaratkan 150.000 personel, dengan melihat begitu besarnya unsure yang dilibatkan maka kebutuhan akan Pasukan katak sangat di perlukan. Menteri/Kasal waktu itu mengistruksikan persiapan pembentukan pasukan katak. Tindakan yang pertama dilaksanakan adalah menyiapkan grup instruktur yang akan melatih 100 Bintara dan Tantama ditambah 15 Perwira dari RPKAD (kopassus) dan sukarelawan. Pelatihan instruktur ini berlangsung dari bulan Januari hingga April 1962, selain itu ALRI juga mengirim salah satu perwiranya ke Eropa guna mempelajari seluk beluk Pasukan Katak di Eropa.

During Indonesia gearing up to perform the operation theater to liberate West Irian from the Dutch. "Boils erupted", 19 December 1961. Trikora in kumandangkan by President Soekarno, anticipated by calling the military's Operation Mandala, this operation will execute amphibious operations with 100 warships and land 150,000 personnel, to see so largely unsure which involved the need for frog team is in need. Minister / Kasal time mengistruksikan preparation frog team formation. The first action performed is completed the group will train 100 instructors and Tantama Petty added 15 Heroes of RPKAD (kopassus) and volunteers. Instructor training lasts from January to April 1962, in addition to the one Alri also sent officers over to Europe in order to learn the ins and outs of Team Frog in Europe.

Pada tanggal 31 Maret 1962 sesuai dengan Kepmen/Kasal no 5401.13 Kopaska ALRI telah di tetapkan, dengan komandan pertamanya Ltk. Op. Koesno. Kurang lebih sebulan kemudian 15 orang instruktur telah tersedia. Pada tanggal 15 Mei, seolah-olah tidak memberikan waktu untuk beristirahat kepada para instruktur baru ini Men/Kasal memerintahkan Kopaska untuk melatih cikal bakalnya frogmen ALRI ke Batujajar yang merupakan Pusat pelatihan komando RPKAD. Masih dalam tahun 1962 Indonesia menerima berbagai bantuan senjata dan pelatihan dari Uni Soviet (Rusia). Diantara peralatan selam dan demolisi, demi kepentingan ini maka 6 Instruktur dikirim ke Rusia.

On March 31, 1962 in accordance with KepMen / Kasal no KOPASKA 5401.13 Alri becomes established, the commander LTK first. Op. Koesno. Approximately one month later, 15 instructors were available. On May 15, seemed to give time to rest on our new instructors Men / Kasal order to train Hermenegildo KOPASKA forefathers frogmen Alri to Batujajar which is RPKAD commando training center. Still in 1962 Indonesia received numerous weapons and training assistance from the Soviet Union (Russia). Among demolisi scuba gear and, in the interest of then 6 Instructor sent to Russia.

Dalam Operasi Militer merebut Irian Barat dari tangan Belanda itu, Kopaska mendapat tugas khusus :

• Pertama, melaksanakan intai pantai Biak (combat reconnai-sance) dan pada hari-H, melaksanakan penghancuran halang rintang alam maupun buatan (Belanda) di pantai pendaratan.
• Kedua, melaksanakan serangan komando (commando raid) terhadap sasaran-sasaran di laut dan di pantai pendaratan, termasuk melaksanakan pen-culikan Laksamana Reeser, Panglima Tentara Belanda di Irian Barat.
• Ketiga, melaksanakan penghancuran Kapal Induk HMS Karel Doorman dengan serangan Human Torpedo.

During Military Operations grab West Irian from the Dutch, the KOPASKA get specific tasks:

• First, execute the beach voyeurism Biak (combat reconnai-Sance) and on-H, implement a crushing block natural and artificial resistance (Netherlands) on the beach landings.
• Second, implement an attack command (Commando raid) against targets at sea and on the beach landings, including the implementation of a pen-culikan Admiral Reeser, Commander of the Dutch Army in West Irian.
• Third, implement a crushing Carrier HMS Karel Doorman Human Torpedo attack.

Aircraft Carriers HMS Karel Doorman

Kapal inilah yang awalnya akan di hancurkan oleh Kopaska TNI AL , melalui torpedo berjiwa atau di jepang terkenal dengan istilah pasukan kamikaze, dimana saat torpedo tersebut meledak maka si prajurit pun juga akan meninggal. namun karena Konflik Irian barat tdk jadi maka misi tersebut di batalkan.

This is the first ship will be destroyed by the Navy KOPASKA, through torpedo-spirited or well-known in Japan by the term kamikaze forces, where the torpedoes exploded when the soldier was also going to die. however due west Irian conflict morbidly so then the mission is canceled.

Aneh tapinya, Kopaska sebagai satuan tempur telah mencetak Paska RPKAD. Rupanya keanehan ini tidak hanya di tertawakan saja oleh para senior Kopaska akan tetapi tertawanya berhenti setelah di bentuk lembaga pelatihan sendiri yang kemudian di sebut SEPASKAL (Sekolah pasukan Katak Angkatan Laut) pada bulan Januari 1963.

Odd the but, KOPASKA as combat units have scored after the Special Forces. Apparently this anomaly is not only laugh just by seniors KOPASKA but the laughter stopped after his own training in the form of institutions that later in the call SEPASKAL (School of Naval forces Frog) in January 1963.

Para pasukan katak ini kemudian dikirim ke Riau untuk melaksanakan penugasan-penugasan yang berkaitan dengan intelejen. Pada tahun 1964-65 Pamor kopaska semakin baik, sehingga permintaan untuk tenaga pelatihan datang bertubi-tubi, diantaranya melatih para Bintara Dinas Intelejen ABRI, menyiapkan Paskowan (Pasukan Komando Sukarelawan 1) yang didalamnya juga terdapat anggota Kopaska, Paskowan-2, Cakrabirawa yang terdiri dari 1 peleton Kipam marinir dan 1 kompi Cakrabirawa.

's The frogmen were then sent to Riau to carry out the assignment -assignment related to intelligence. In 1964-65 Prestige KOPASKA the better, so the demand for training personnel come repeatedly, including train the Armed Forces NCO Intelligence Agency, prepare Paskowan (Forces Command Volunteers 1) that it will also include members KOPASKA, Paskowan-2, which consists Cakrabirawa 1 platoon of marines and 1 company Kipam Cakrabirawa.

Berbekal mencetak Paskal RPKAD dan memfaatkan hubungan professional yang telah terbina Kopaska memanfaatkan SKAD (Sekolah Komando Angkatan Darat) Batujajar sebagai pihak yang mengisi kemampuan komando hutan. Untuk problem-problem laut dan demolisi dilaksanakan dengan kerjasama erat dengan Komando jenis Kapal Selam (SETAKSEL). Betapa beratnya latihan ini, dapat digambarkan dari 50 Chantoka hanya disisakan 24 orang saja untuk ALRI.

Stocked print Paskal memfaatkan RPKAD and professional relationships that have been nurtured KOPASKA utilize SKAD (Army Command School) Batujajar as the ability to command that fills the forest. For the problems of marine and demolition carried out in close collaboration with the Submarine Command type (SETAKSEL). How hard this exercise, can be drawn from 50 Chantoka only 24 people are left alone for the Navy.

KOPASKA dan Bung Karno.

Banyak cerita menarik soal Kopaska. Salah satunya cerita Kopaska dan Presiden Soekarno.

Kisah ini ditulis dalam buku Kopaska, Spesialis Pertempuran Laut Khusus yang diterbitkan dalam rangka 50 tahun Kopaska.

Tahun 1960, TNI AL yang kala itu bernama ALRI menggelar peringatan hari Armada. Presiden Soekarno menjadi inspektur upacara dan berdiri di podium Dermaga Ujung Surabaya.

Saat itulah Letnan Laut Joko Suyatno dan Sersan Emil Joseph unjuk kebolehan. Keduanya merupakan personel ALRI yang telah mendapat pelatihan di Underwater Demolition Team di Amerika Serikat.

Letnan Joko dan Sersan Emil keluar dari kapal selam kelas Whiskey RI Tjakra di kedalaman sebelas meter. Mereka muncul sejenak dengan peralatan selam lengkap ke permukaan.

Beberapa saat kemudian ledakan dahsyat terdengar. Markas ALRI sampai berguncang saking kerasnya ledakan.

Ledakan itu tak dirancang untuk menghancurkan, sekadar menunjukkan kemampuan pasukan katak. Walau begitu lumpur dermaga sampai muncrat tinggi ke angkasa.

Setelah ledakan, muncul Joko dan Emil dari kolong dermaga. Rupanya mereka berdua adalah pelaku demo peledakan yang menggetarkan itu.

Joko dan Emil yang mengenakan perangkat SCUBA dan tubuh penuh lumpur mendekati Soekarno di podium. Semua hadirin terkagum-kagum melihat aksi pasukan komando tersebut.

Bung Karno yang mengenakan pakaian kebesaran putih-putih tak risau disalami dua prajurit yang tangannya masih belepotan lumpur itu. Beliau malah tersenyum bangga.

Dengan kagum, Soekarno menepuk pundak kedua anggota pasukan katak itu.

"Angkatan Lautku lengkap sudah," mungkin itu yang ada di pikiran Soekarno saat itu.

Aksi itu pula yang membuat Soekarno mantap memerintahkan ALRI membentuk Komando Pasukan Katak. Dua tahun kemudian, 31 Maret 1962, pasukan elite ini dibentuk.

Saat itu suasana di tanah air sedang tegang. Indonesia terlibat konfrontasi dengan Belanda dalam perebutan Irian Barat.

Kopaska pun berdiri dengan motto Tan Hana Wighna Tan Sirna. Tak ada rintangan yang tak bisa dilewati.

KOPASKA and Bung Karno.

Many interesting stories about KOPASKA. One of these stories KOPASKA and President Sukarno.

This story is written in the book KOPASKA, Special Naval Battle Specialist issued for 50 years KOPASKA.

In 1960, the Navy who was then named the Navy Fleet held a memorial day. President Sukarno the ceremony and stood on the podium Edge Dock Surabaya.

That's when Jim Navy Lieutenant and Sergeant Emil Joseph Suyatno rally ability. Both are Alri personnel who have received training at Underwater Demolition Team in the United States.

Lieutenant Jim and Sergeant Emil out of the Whiskey class submarine RI Tjakra eleven meters in depth. They appeared for a moment with full scuba gear to the surface.

Moments later a huge explosion sounded. Navy headquarters until the shaking was so hard blast.

The explosion was not intended to destroy, just to show the team's ability frog. Even so mud berth to squirt high into the air.

After the boom, emerging from the tunnel Jim and Emil pier. Apparently they are two actors who shook the explosion demo.

Jim and Emil are wearing the full body mud SCUBA and Sukarno approached the podium. All attendees were amazed to see the action of the commandos.

Bung Karno imposing white-white garments do not worry disalami two soldiers whose hands still belepotan mud. He even smiled proudly.

With awe, Sukarno pat both members of the frogmen.

"Force complete my sea already," maybe it's in the mind at the time of Sukarno.

Action was also making steady Sukarno ordered the Navy to form Frogs Forces Command. Two years later, March 31, 1962, this elite force was formed.

When the atmosphere in the country was tense. Indonesian confrontation with the Dutch engaged in the struggle for West Irian.

KOPASKA stood by the motto Wighna Hannah Tan Tan Sirna. There is no obstacle that can not be skipped.

Kopaska Saat Ini. Current KOPASKA.

Saat ini Kopaska terdiri atas dua grup, yakni wilayah Barat dan Timur. Satu grup di Armada Barat di Jakarta, dan satu grup di Armada Timur di Surabaya.Koordinasi terhadap dua grup Kopaska dipegang Komando Armada RI masing-masing wilayah.

• Satuan Komando Pasukan Katak Armada Barat (Satkopaska Armabar)

1. Detasemen 1 Sabotase / anti-Sabotase (Teror)
2. Detasemen 2 Operasi Khusus
3. Detasemen 3 Combat SAR
4. Detasemen 4 EOD dan Ranjau Laut / Mine clearence
5. Detasemen 5 Underwater Demolition
6. Detasemen 6 Special Boat Units

• Satuan Komando Pasukan Katak Armada Timur (Satkopaska Armatim)

1. Detasemen 1 Sabotase / anti-Sabotase (Teror)
2. Detasemen 2 Operasi Khusus
3. Detasemen 3 Combat SAR
4. Detasemen 4 EOD dan Ranjau Laut / Mine clearence
5. Detasemen 5 Underwater Demolition
6. Detasemen 6 Special Boat Units

Masing-masing grup dipimpin oleh kolonel yang membawahi enam detasemen, yakni :

1. Detasemen 1 Sabotase/Anti-Sabotase (Teror), 
2. Detasemen 2 Operasi Khusus, 
3. Detasemen 3 Combat SAR, 
4. Detaseme 4 EOD dan Ranjau Laut, 
5. Detasemen 5 Underwater Demolition, dan 
6. Detasemen 6 Special Boat Units.

Currently KOPASKA consists of two groups, namely the West and the East. One group in the Western Fleet in Jakarta, and one group in the Eastern Fleet in the two groups Surabaya.Koordinasi KOPASKA RI Fleet Command held each region.

• Units of the Western Fleet Command Team Frog (Satkopaska Armabar)

1. Detasemen Sabotase 1 / anti-Sabotase (Teror)
2. Special Operations Detachment 2
3. Detasemen 3 Combat SAR
4. 4 Detachment Marine EOD and Mine / Mine clearance
5. Detasemen 5 Underwater Demolition
6. Detasemen 6 Special Boat Units

• Frog Unit Fleet Forces Command East (Satkopaska Armatim)

1. Detasemen Sabotase 1 / anti-Sabotase (Teror)
2. Special Operations Detachment 2
3. Detasemen 3 Combat SAR
4. 4 Detachment Marine EOD and Mine / Mine clearance
5. Detasemen 5 Underwater Demolition
6. Detasemen 6 Special Boat Units

Each group is led by a colonel who oversees six detachments, namely:

1. Detasemen Sabotase 1 / Anti-Sabotase (Teror) 
2. Special Operations Detachment 2, 
3. Detasemen 3 Combat SAR, 
4. Detaseme 4 Navy EOD and mine, 
5. Detasemen 5 Underwater Demolition, dan 
6. Detasemen 6 Special Boat Units.

Operasi pasukan elite ini adalah:

1. Operasi Amphibi : Beach Reconnaissance, Post  Reconnaissance, Beach Clearing, dan Surob (Surf Observation). 
2. Operasi Khusus : Sabotase / Anti-Sabotase (teror), Clandestine, Combat SAR, Mine Clearance, dan Send and Pick-Up Agent.
3. Operasi Tambahan : PAM VIP VVIP & Vital Object, Underwater Survey, SAR, Underwater Salvage, dan Factual Information Gathering.

Operation of this elite force is:

1. Operasi Amphibi: Recognition Beach, Post Recognition Beach Clearing, dan Surob (Surf Observation). 
2. Operasi Khusus : Sabotase / Anti-Sabotase (teror), Clandestine, Combat SAR, Mine Clearance, dan Send and Pick-Up Agent.
3. Operasi Tambahan : PAM VIP VVIP & Vital Object, Underwater Survey, SAR, Underwater Salvage, dan Factual Information Gathering.

Perekrutan Anggota. 

1. Anggota TNI AL (kecuali Korps Marinir)
2. Berdinas minimum 2 thn di KRI/Kapal Perang RI/lanal/lantamal/mabesal/kolinlamil/armada RI.
3. Lulus Kesamaptaan/kemampuan jasmani
4. Lulus Tes Ketahanan Air
5. Lulus Psikotest khusus
6. Lulus Kesehatan khusus bawah air
7. Secara sadar mengikuti tes dan pendidikan tanpa paksaan siapapun

Member Recruitment.

1. Members of the Navy (except Marine Corps)
2. Served a minimum of 2 yrs in KRI / Warship RI / Lanal / Headquarter / mabesal / kolinlamil / RI fleet.
3. Passed kesamaptaan / physical abilities
4. Water Resistance Test Passed
5. Graduated special PsikoTest
6. Graduated special underwater Health
7. Consciously take the test and education without any coercion

Lama pendidikan.
10 Bulan.

Long education.
10 months. place of education.


Tempat pendidikan. Place of education.

Di Sekolah Pasukan Katak TNI AL (SEPASKAL) / Komando Pendidikan Operasi Laut - KODIKOPSLA / Komando Pengembangan Pendidikan TNI AL - KOBANGDIKAL) Ujung Surabaya. Sebelumnya adalah di Sekolah Penyelaman TNI AL (SESELAM) PUSDIKOPSLA KODIKAL Surabaya).

Frogs in the Navy Forces School (SEPASKAL) / Marine Operations Command Education - KODIKOPSLA / Educational Development Command Navy - KOBANGDIKAL) Edge Surabaya. Previously, he was in the Navy Diving School (SESELAM) PUSDIKOPSLA KODIKAL Surabaya).

Dalam acara Kelulusan 15 pasukan KOPASKA, melalui sambutan yang dibacakan oleh Wakil Komandan Kobangdikal, Brigjen TNI (Mar) Halim A Hermanto yang sekaligus menutup pendidikan tersebut  Laksda TNI Edhi Nuswantoro mengemukakan, prajurit baret merah itu mengikuti pendidikan Kopaska selama tiga bulan.

Graduation event 15 KOPASKA forces, through speech read by Deputy Commander Kobangdikal, Brigadier General (Mark) Halim A Herman the education that once closed military Laksda Edhi Nuswantoro argued, The red beret soldier KOPASKA education followed for three months.

"Tujuannya untuk membentuk prajurit TNI berkualifikasi pasukan katak yang memiliki sikap, kecakapan dan kemampuan untuk melaksanakan tugas-tugas khusus aspek laut, yang mencakup operasi intelijen maritim, penyusupan dan penghancuran sasaran melalui laut," katanya.

"aim to establish qualified soldiers frogmen who have the attitude, skills and abilities to perform the duties of special aspects of the sea, which includes maritime intelligence operations, infiltration and destruction of the target through the sea," he says.

Pasukan katak merupakan pasukan khusus yang mampu berperan ganda. Disamping melaksanakan tugas-tugas intelijen, pasukan katak juga mampu melakukan pembersihan bawah air untuk melemahkan kekuatan musuh.

"Peran itu bisa dijalankan, khususnya untuk mendukung operasi amfibi dan peperangan khusus bawah air. Karena itu, pasukan katak diharapkan mampu mendekati sasaran operasi baik melalui laut, darat, maupun udara," katanya menjelaskan.

Menurut dia, sebagai pasukan khusus TNI AD, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan Kopaska merupakan tuntutan utama dalam mendukung tugas-tugas Kopassus di medan pertempuran.

"Untuk itu, dibutuhkan latihan yang terencana, teratur dengan baik dan sangat berat dengan tingkat risiko yang tinggi pula. Karenanya kalian dilatih keras tanpa mengenal waktu siang maupun malam, hujan maupun panas dengan harapan kalian mampu menerapkan ilmu di lapangan tugas nanti," katanya menegaskan.

Dihadapkan pada perkembangan teknologi yang berdampak pada meningkatnya intensitas dan kualitas ancaman pada NKRI, katanya, maka peningkatan kualitas personel TNI menjadi kebutuhan yang mendesak.

Sementara Wadanjen Kopasus, mengucapkan terima kasih pada Kobangdikal yang telah mendidik prajuritnya untuk memiliki kualifikasi sebgai pasukan katak.

"Ke 15 parjurit kopasus ini merupakan angkatan 12 dari Kopassus yang dididik di Sepaska Kobangdikal. TNI AD dalam hal ini Kopassus, setiap tahunnya akan selalu mengirim prajurit untuk memperdalam kealihan di bebagai aspek," katanya.

Menurut dia, saat Kopassus telah memiliki 200 prajurit yang memiliki kualifikasi Paska. Di masa mendatang, pertukaran pendidikan bagi pasukan khusus merupakan sarana untuk meningkatkan dan melengkapi kemampuan para prajurit.


Materi Pendidikan.

1. Akademis umum Angkatan Laut (Operasi laut, navigasi, mesin, elektronika, bangunan kapal,komunikasi dan lain lain)
2. Kepaskaan (Doktrin Manusia Katak,Penyelaman dasar,penyelaman tempur,renang tempur,kartografi,menembak berbagai jenis senjata, mengemudi dan menangani kapal/perahu cepat dan lain lain)
3. Pendidikan Komando (Dasar komando, perang hutan, jungle survival/sea survival SERE, dan lain lain, pada Angkatan I s.d 5 pendidikan Komando dilaksanakan bersama RPKAD/Kopassus di Pusdik RPKAD/Kopassus-Batujajar, Jawa Barat, selanjutnya pendidikan Komando "diperintahkan" mengikuti di Pusdikmar (Pusat Pendidikan Marinir, Surabaya)
4. Terjun Static dan AFF (pada Angkatan I s.d 5 Para Dasar dilaksanakan bersama RPKAD/Kopassus di Pusdik RPKAD/Kopassus-Batujajar, Jawa Barat, selanjutnya pendidikan terjun "diperintahkan" mengikuti di Pusdikmar (Pusat Pendidikan Marinir) Surabaya, Setelah melaksanakan terjun dasar mendarat di darat selanjutnya adalah spesialisasi kemampuan terjun (statik and free fall) untuk mendarat di sasaran sasaran lepas pantai dan laut dilaksanakan pengembangan di satuan Kopaska Armada).
5. Intelijen Tempur (pendidikan lanjutan di Satuan dilaksanakan di BAIS dan Intelmar/Intelijen Maritim di Surabaya)
6. Sabotase dan kontra sabotase
7. Demolisi bawah air
8. SAR Tempur

Jumlah personel.

Nil - untuk jumlah tidak pernah di ekspos karena pasukan ini mempunyai tingkat kerahasian yang tinggi dalam materi personel.


Operasi-operasi yang pernah dilaksanakan.

1. Melaksanakan berbagai Operasi Khusus/Intelijen TNI dan TNI AL
2. Melaksanakan Operasi Khusus "Kikis Bajak"
3. Melaksanakan Operasi Khusus "Lusitania Expresso"
4. Unit Anti Perompak Perairan Indonesia
5. Buru Perompak di daerah Selat Malaka, Selat Sunda, Bangka Belitung
6. Buru Perompak di daerah Indonesia wilayah timur
7. Pengamanan VIP dan VVIP (KTT Non Blok, Bali Democracy Forum dll)
8. Pengamanan Blok Ambalat Ambalat - Karang Unarang
9. Pengamanan Objek Vital Lepas Pantai Oil Rig
10. Latma Malindo Malaysia & Indonesia (Latihan bersama Paskal TLDM dalam Maritime Interdiction Operation)
11. Latma PANDU EODEX dgn Republic of Singapore Navy Naval Diving Unit / RSN-NDU secara bergantian Singapura dan Indonesia
12. Latma MINEX dgn Republic of Singapore Navy
13. Latma SEA EAGLE dgn Republic of Singapore Navy
14. Latma MCMEX / DIVEX dengan Tim NAVAL EOD dari 25 negara Asia Pasifik di Asia Pasifik
15. Latma Flash Iron / SEALEX dengan US NAVY SEAL US Navy
16. Latma Balance Iron dengan US Army Airborne & Ranger US Army
17. Berbagai Seri Program Latihan USPACOM : Naval Engagement Activity (NEA), Subject Matter Expert Exchange (SMEE), Peace Support Initiative Operation (GPOI) dll
18. Berbagai Seri Latihan UN Peacekeeping Operation : Khan Quest (Mongolia), Garuda Shield (Indonesia), Cobra Gold (Thailand-USPACOM) Global Positive Operation Initiative (GPOI) USPACOM (UNMOC, UNSOC, PSOIC, Traine of Trainer/ToT), ADF Warfare Centre UNMOC & CIMIC (Australia), UNDPKO ITS ToT in Jakarta
19. Berbagai Misi UN : UNMO (UNOMIG/Irak, UNAMID/Darfur, UNMIS/Sudan, UNMISS/Sudan Selatan, UNMIBH/Bosnia & Herzegovina, MONUC/Kongo), UN Staff (Lebanon, Kongo), UN Contingent (Indo Mech Batt/Lebanon, Force Protection Coy/Lebanon, Eng Coy/Kongo)
20. Misi Satgas Merah Putih di Somalia pembebasan MV Sinar Kudus

Penyusun Yohanes Gitoyo.

Sumber : 

1. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komando_pasukan_katak
2. http://tniataupolri.blogspot.com/2013/09/mengenal-lebih-dekat-kopaska-komando.html
3. http://strategi-militer.blogspot.com/.
4. http://www.kaskus.co.id/thread/519310be582acf583a000013/mengenal-lebih-dekat-kopaska---komando-pasukan-katak-tni-al?goto=newpost/1
5. http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/aksi-pasukan-katak-getarkan-surabaya-bikin-soekarno-bangga.html

Watch: Extraordinary Battle In Movie Transformers: Age of Extinction!!

Optimus Prime recovered from the wreckage of scrap metal by  Cade Yeager.

What happens when the Transformers robots are no longer needed by humans on Earth? The theme here seems to be trying to be appointed director Michael Bay in the recent movie "Transformers", "Transformers: Age of Extinction". Paramount Pictures has recently released a trailer for the fourth movie "Transformers" is. The government apparently considers the Transformers on Earth is no longer needed because there is no threat and danger from enemies.

The film begins with the story of Cade Yeager struggle to help the Transformers who attempted destroyed by the government. Narrated, Cade Yeager found a wrecked truck and tried to fix it. Unexpectedly, Cade then find something interesting about the truck. Turns battered truck recently purchased the former is Optimus Prime, the Autobot leader. When he was running down the truck with electricity, all its parts as if alive. "I think we have found a Transformer," Cade said to her daughter. Residence was immediately approached the government asking where he hid Optimus Prime. When they tried to hurt his family, Optimus Prime suddenly appeared from inside the garage.

Optimus Prime in old mode robot.

Cade Yeager inherited "magic sword".

Pretty Tessa Yeager horrified ...

Optimus Prime in modern robot mode 

The Autobot turns hostile with robotic dinosaur dubbed the Dinobot. But it is unclear whether they actually ended up being opposed or comrades.

Grimlock

Optimus Prime vs Grimlock

Bumblebee vs Dino fly as yet unknown name.

Unlike the three previous films, this time the threat also comes from the man who looks eyeing some Autobot under the leadership of an entrepreneur. In fact, there is also a giant plane that is thought to be a major threat in the fourth film.

Cybertronian Ship arivall

Autobots arivall

Coming Lockdown Sang Crushers!

Decepticon out of hiding...

Lockdown ferocious, of the face can appear shotgun!!!


Families Cade Yeager who eventually join the war against the enemy.

Cade Yeager playing hide and seek with Lockdown .....

Aduuuh kenaa gua !!!

Autobots dan Decepticon in show room car ......

Bumblebee and Stinger.

Crosshair in action !!

Ship Cybertronian come and destroy the city!

War-war-war!!! !!!


Lord of Galvatron, the new Decepticon leader

Autobots jatuh korban.

Bumblebee : The Final Battle !


Lord of Prime : Optimus Prime.

Penulis :Yohanes Gitoyo.

Dihimpun dari berbagai sumber.